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Heavy equipment refers to heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks, most frequently ones involving earthwork operations. They are also known as heavy machines, heavy trucks, construction equipment, engineering equipment, heavy vehicles, or heavy hydraulics. They usually comprise five equipment systems: implement, traction, structure, power train, control and information.〔(C. B. Tatum et al., J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt. 132, 987 (2006) )〕 Heavy equipment functions through the mechanical advantage of a simple machine, the ratio between input force applied and force exerted is multiplied. Some equipment uses hydraulic drives as a primary source of motion. ==History== File:JCB 3CX backhoe loader.JPG|JCB 3CX backhoe loader Image:Zettelmeyer ZD 3001.jpg|A wheeled bulldozer in an open pit coal mine File:Steam lokomobile 2 (aka).jpg|A portable engine; a precursor to modern engineering vehicles File:1903 Tractor.JPG|An early gasoline-powered tractor The use of heavy equipment has a long history; the ancient Roman engineer Vitruvius (1st century BCE) gave descriptions of heavy equipment and cranes in ancient Rome in his treatise ''De architectura''. The pile driver was invented around 1500. The first tunnelling shield was patented by Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1818. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「heavy equipment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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